What is a led light? Professional LED lamp manufacturer Shenzhen Huapu New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. shares the basic knowledge of led lights.
1. LED (Light Emitting Diode), a solid-state semiconductor device capable of converting electrical energy into visible light, which can directly convert electricity into light. The heart of the LED is a semiconductor wafer.
One end of the wafer is attached to a bracket, one end is a negative pole, and the other end is connected to the positive pole of the power source, so that the entire wafer is encapsulated by epoxy resin. The semiconductor wafer consists of two parts, one part is a P-type semiconductor, in which the hole dominates
The other end is an N-type semiconductor, which is mainly electronic here. But when the two semiconductors are connected, they form a PN junction. When current is applied to the wafer through the wire, the electrons are pushed into the P region, in the P region.
The electrons are combined with the holes, and then the energy is emitted in the form of photons, which is the principle of LED light. The wavelength of light, which is the color of light, is determined by the material that forms the PN junction.
The LED was originally used as an indicator light source for instrumentation. Later, various light-colored LEDs were widely used in traffic lights and large-area displays, resulting in good economic and social benefits. Take the 12-inch red traffic light as an example.
The United States originally used a long-life, low-efficiency 140-watt incandescent lamp as a light source, which produced 2000 lumens of white light. After passing the red filter, the light loss is 90%, leaving only 200 lumens of red light. In the newly designed lamp, Lumileds adopted
18 red LED sources, including circuit losses, consume a total of 14 watts to produce the same light efficiency. Automotive signal lights are also an important area for LED light source applications.
For general lighting, people need a white light source. In 1998, white LEDs were successfully developed. This LED is made by encapsulating a GaN chip and yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG). GaN chip emits blue light (λp=465nm, Wd=30nm)
The Ce3+-containing YAG phosphor prepared by high-temperature sintering is excited by the blue light and emits a yellow light with a peak of 550 nm. The blue LED substrate is mounted in a bowl-shaped reflective cavity covered with a thin layer of resin mixed with YAG, about 200-500 nm. LED substrate
The blue portion is absorbed by the phosphor, and the other portion of the blue light is mixed with the yellow light emitted by the phosphor to obtain white light. For InGaN/YAG white LEDs, color can be obtained by changing the chemical composition of the YAG phosphor and adjusting the thickness of the phosphor layer.
Warm white light of 3500-10000K. This method of obtaining white light by a blue LED has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, and high technical maturity, and thus is most used.
Second, the difference between LED fluorescent lamp and ordinary fluorescent lamp Ordinary fluorescent lamp has a filament at each end of the fluorescent lamp. The lamp tube is filled with a small amount of argon and thin mercury vapor. The inner wall of the lamp tube is coated with phosphor powder, and the gas LED between the two filaments. The light application product emits ultraviolet light when it conducts electricity, so that the fluorescent powder emits soft visible light.
Fluorescent lamp working characteristics: A high voltage is required when the lamp starts to ignite, and only a small current is allowed to pass during normal illumination. At this time, the voltage across the lamp is lower than the power supply voltage.
LED fluorescent light
Led fluorescent lamp is characterized by high quality, durability and energy saving. The range of projection angle adjustment is large, and the brightness of 15W is equivalent to ordinary 40W fluorescent lamp. High temperature resistance, moisture proof and waterproof, and leakage prevention. The use voltage is: 110V, 220V optional, the cover can be selected glass
Or PC material. The lamp head is the same as a regular fluorescent lamp.
LED fluorescent lamp adopts the latest LED light source technology, digital design, saving more than 70%, 12W LED daylighting is equivalent to 40W fluorescent tube (for ballast and starter, 36W fluorescent lamp real consumption The power is 42W to
44W). LED fluorescent lamp life is more than 10 times that of ordinary lamp, almost maintenance-free, no need to change lamp, ballast, starter frequently. Green and environmentally friendly semiconductor light source, soft light, pure spectrum, is conducive to the user's vision protection and body
Physical health. The 6000K cold light source gives a visually cool feeling, and the humanized illuminance difference design helps to concentrate and improve efficiency.
The advantages of LED fluorescent lamps and ordinary fluorescent lamps are as follows:
1, energy saving. 2, long life. 3, the applicability is good, because the single LED is small in size and can be made into any shape. 4, the response time is short, is the response time of the ns (nanosecond) level, and the ordinary luminaire is the response time of the ms (millisecond) level. 5, ring
Guaranteed, no harmful metals, easy to recycle waste. 6, the color is beautiful, the color of the illuminating color is pure, the spectral range is narrow, and it can be mixed into the colorful or white light through the red, green and blue three primary colors.
Disadvantages: 1, the price is expensive. 2, there is still a big gap between the light efficiency and the theoretical light efficiency that can be achieved universally. 3, there is still a big gap between the life that can be achieved and the theoretical life (10w hours). 4, there is still a certain amount of heat. 5, light decay can also be substantial
Zoom out.
However, these shortcomings can be overcome by the improvement of the process, so even if the LED light source can not completely replace the existing traditional light source, with the development of technology, it must be the world of LED in the future.
Third, the design concept
The emergence of LEDs has broken the design methods and ideas of traditional light sources, and there are two new design concepts.
1. Scenario lighting: It is a scene lighting proposed by Philips in 2008 to design lamps with environmental needs. The scene lighting is based on the place, aiming to create a beautiful and beautiful lighting environment to set off the scene effect and make people feel there is a place.
The atmosphere.
2. Emotional lighting: It is the mood lighting proposed by Kaisio in 2009, designed by people's needs. Emotional lighting is based on human emotions, creating a mood-like lighting environment from the perspective of people. Emotional lighting and scene lighting do not
In the same way, mood lighting is dynamic, lighting can satisfy people's spiritual needs, making people feel sentimental; while scene lighting is static, it can only emphasize the needs of scene lighting, but can not express people's emotions, from certain In the sense
Lighting covers scene lighting. Emotional lighting consists of four aspects: one is environmental protection and energy conservation, the other is health, the third is intelligent, and the fourth is humanization.
Fourth, the development prospects In order to illustrate the characteristics of white LEDs, first look at the status of the lighting source used. Incandescent and tungsten halogen lamps have a luminous efficacy of 12 to 24 lumens per watt; fluorescent lamps and HID lamps have a luminous efficacy of 50 to 120 lumens per watt. White LED: In 1998, white light
The luminous efficacy of LEDs is only 5 lumens per watt, and by 1999 it has reached 15 lumens per watt. This indicator is similar to general household incandescent lamps. In 2000, the efficacy of white LEDs reached 25 lumens per watt. The indicator is similar to the tungsten halogen lamp. There are company forecasts,
By 2005, the luminous efficacy of LEDs can reach 50 lumens per watt. By 2015, the efficacy of LEDs is expected to reach 150 to 200 lumens per watt. At that time, the working current of the white LED can reach the ampere level. This shows that the development of white light LED writer lighting source will be
Possible reality.
Incandescent lamps and tungsten halogen lamps for general lighting are cheap, but the light efficiency is low (the thermal effect of the lamp is vain), the life is short, maintenance
The LED light source (15 sheets) has a large workload, but if it is illuminated by a white LED, it has high light efficiency and long life (continuous working time of 10,000 hours or more), and requires almost no maintenance. Hella, Germany, developed aircraft reading lights using white LEDs;
A street in Canberra, the capital of the country, has used white LEDs for street lighting; China's urban traffic management lights are also replacing white traffic lights with white LEDs. It is foreseeable that in the near future, white LEDs will enter the home to replace the present
Some lights.
LED light source has the advantages of using low-voltage power supply, low energy consumption, strong applicability, high stability, short response time, no pollution to the environment, multi-color illumination, etc. Although the price is more expensive than existing lighting equipment, it is still considered to be Inevitably replace the present
There are lighting devices.
Fourth, LED lights and advantages
The intrinsic characteristics of the LED determine that it is the most ideal light source to replace the traditional light source, it has a wide range of uses.
small volume
The LED is basically a small chip that is encapsulated in epoxy, so it is very small and very light.
Low power consumption
LED power consumption is very low, generally the operating voltage of the LED is 2-3.6V. The operating current is 0.02-0.03A. That is to say: it consumes no more than 0.1W.
Long service life under the right current and voltage, LED life can reach 100,000 hours, high brightness, low heat and environmental protection
LEDs are made of non-toxic materials, unlike mercury-containing fluorescent lamps that can cause pollution, and LEDs can be recycled.
strong and sturdy
The LED is completely encapsulated in epoxy, which is stronger than both the bulb and the fluorescent tube. There are no loose parts in the lamp body. These features make the LEDs hard to damage.
Five, led effect characteristics
The biggest advantage of LED lights is energy saving and environmental protection. The luminous efficiency of light reaches 100 lumens/watt or more, the ordinary incandescent lamp can only reach 40 lumens/watt, and the energy-saving lamp is also around 70 lumens/watt. So, the same wattage, LED light effect will be better than white
The incandescent and energy-saving lamps are much brighter. The brightness of 1 watt LED lamp is equivalent to about 2 watts of energy-saving lamps. The 5 watt LED lamp consumes 5 degrees of electricity for 1000 hours, the life of LED lamp can reach 50,000 hours, and the LED lamp has no radiation.
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